Spices and seasonings are essential ingredients in cooking , used to enhance the flavor , aroma , and overall taste of food. They can be derived from a variety of sources , including seeds , fruits , roots , and bark. Common spices and seasonings include black pepper , cinnamon , cumin , garlic , ginger , nutmeg , oregano , paprika , rosemary , salt , and turmeric. These ingredients can be used in a wide range of dishes , from savory to sweet , and can add depth and complexity to any meal.